Index

Index

abstract theory, 298, 313

acceptance in unjust enrichment, 203–209, 234

as consonance with defendant’s projects, 204, 208, 216

as relational notion, 205–208

entanglement and, 204–205

of benefits, 206, 234

situations of, 209–217

statute of limitations and, 209

acquiescence, 212, 216, 245–246

acquisition, 23, 24, 34, 159, 223, 224, 271, 276, 277, 278, 279, 285

adjudication, 3, 277, 305

Adras Building Material v. Harlow & Jones, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166–167

aggravated damages, 96, 173, 178

alienation

of property, 165, 169, 183, 184

purported alienation, 127, 130, 163

Andrews, Justice William, 46–47, 58

Aristotle, 2, 9, 15–16, 18, 19, 81–82, 83, 84, 116, 190, 232, 322

Atkin, Lord, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 57, 58, 73, 75, 79, 80

Attorney-General v. Blake, 158, 161, 162, 166, 169

automobile accidents, 6

Barak, Justice Aharon, 160, 161

bargaining, 104–105

benefits

aligning defendant’s projects with benefit bestowed by the plaintiff, 216

defendant’s acceptance of beneficial transfer, 211

entanglement of, 204–205

failing to take the opportunity to reject, 210

incontrovertible benefit see incontrovertible benefit

indirect benefits, 132–138

rejected benefits, 204, 205

transfer from improver to owner, 261

unremovable benefits, 260

Birks, Peter, 81, 107, 108, 144

Blake, Attorney-General v. Blake, 158, 161, 162, 166, 169

bodily integrity, 49, 53, 89, 142, 145, 282, 287

Bowen, Lord Justice, 129, 132, 135, 211, 217

breach of contract, disgorgement of gains from, 156–169

breach of duty, 45, 48, 49, 90, 144, 294

breach of imperfect obligations, 293

Bryant v. Lefever, 327, 331

Buber, Martin, 1

Calabresi, Guido, 98

Calabresi-Melamed framework, 103–107

Canada, 63, 65, 148, 149

negligence law, 59

punitive damages in contract law, 175–176

Supreme Court of, 42, 59, 64, 66, 71, 175, 182, 187, 190

Cardozo, Justice Benjamin, 20, 45–46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 55, 56

causality of the will, 152, 153, 165, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226

causation, 44, 47, 48, 121, 123–124, 303, 304, 316, 317, 327–328, 329, 331

causative event, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 98–107, 109, 110, 116

civil condition, 277, 278, 279, 280, 283, 284, 285, 292, 295, 296

civil liability, 20, 172, 174

civil union, 268

claim of necessity, 290, 292

Coase, Ronald, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331

coherence, 32, 37, 41, 43, 312, 339

common law

and acceptance of benefits, 234

donative intent, 261

on improver of property, 243

individualism, 244

and Jewish law, 243

community, 223, 225

comparative law, 232, 341

compensation, 60, 148

compensatory damages, 122, 125, 150, 176, 179, 180

concept of right, 266, 267, 274, 288

consequential damages, 96

continuity thesis, 92, 93

contract damages, 148, 149–150, 181, 183, 309

contract law

compensation in, 148

punitive damages in, 175–183

contract remedies, punishment and disgorgement as, 148–184

contracts for sale of land, 167, 224

contractual entitlement/right, 149–156, 160, 162, 163, 166, 167, 169, 183, 224

Cooper v. Hobart, 66–68, 71

corrective justice

conception of remedies, 87–98

definition, 2

focus of, 15–16

history of, 9

juridical conception of, 10–11, 13–15, 17, 26–27, 28, 32

misconceptions, 10

punishment and, 169–175

and punitive damages, 171

rectificatory function, 16 rectifying injustice, 84, 172

relationship between distributive and, 269

relationship between tort law and, 31

remedial conception, 335–338

Stone on, 30, 34

structural principle, 10

substantive principle, 10

theoretical framework, 35–37

correlative duty, right and, 48–58

correlativity, 15–21, 23, 29, 30, 33, 57, 317, 319, 321, 322, 338, 341–342

and Cardozo’s treatment of duty in the Palsgraf case, 50

in gain-based damages, 118

liability and, 10

and personality, 11, 35

of right and duty, 188, 296

Stone on, 34

courts, as guardian of the system of rights, 111

Craswell, Richard, 334

criminal law, 97, 171, 172, 173, 174, 177

criminal liability, 172

damages

aggravated damages, 96, 173, 178

award of, 87–88, 305

calculation of, 135 compensatory damages, 122, 125, 150, 176, 179, 180

consequential damages, 96

contract damages, 148, 149–150, 181, 183, 309

expectation damages, 6, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154–155, 156, 169, 183

gain-based damages, 96, 117–147, 341

loss-based damages, 133

nominal damages, 95

punitive damages see punitive damages

restitutionary damages, 126

set at rental value, 138

substituted for an injunction, 112–113

substitutive damages, 95

for the value of using another’s property, 137

deduction, 78

Deglman v. Guarantee Trust Co. and Constantineau, 219

Denning, Lord, 69, 70, 72

deterrence, 65, 117, 138, 139, 141, 144, 147, 176, 179, 181, 182

punishment and, 119

and retribution, 97

detrimental reliance, 53–54, 55

Devlin, Lord, 145

Diplock, Lord, 72, 73, 74, 75, 146

disgorgement, 145, 183

of gains from breach of contract, 156–169

distributive justice, 6, 7, 18–19, 24, 27, 36, 263–264, 265, 269, 270, 296, 336

Aristotle’s presentation of, 15, 16

relationship between corrective justice and, 269

divisions of justice, 270–271

Doctrine of Right, The (Kant), 5, 263, 265, 270

doing and suffering, 20, 25, 26, 29, 30, 33, 36, 41, 42, 43, 65, 72, 130, 141, 183, 315, 316, 331

donative intent, 202, 203, 206, 207, 261

Donoghue v. Stevenson, 38, 45, 79

dualism, monism and, 107–115

duty/duties, 48, 122

correlativity of right and, 188

general conception of, 38–43

and negligence concepts, 43–48

policy and, 69–79

and proximate cause, 340

relative to rights, 136

right and, 20

right and correlative duty, 48–58

violation of a fiduciary duty, 143

duty of care, 48

two-stage test for, 58