This book has demonstrated the extent to which European Union law has in recent years led to the increase of state power in immigration control based to a great extent on the proliferation of legal avenues for the criminalisation of migration. A key element in this move towards the criminalisation of migration has been the emphasis on prevention. The increase in extraterritorial immigration control has been accompanied by the extension of the arm of the state via the delegation of power to both the private sector (land and air carriers) and to European Union agencies (FRONTEX). Moreover, the legal expression of the nexus between prevention, immigration control and security has led to the development of a far-reaching EU framework of pre-emptive surveillance, consisting of the collection and transfer of every day personal immigration data en masse