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CHAPTER EIGHT PROGRESS Science is progressive. —THOMAS JEFFERSON TO JOHN ADAMS, 1813 All that is human must retrograde if it does not advance. —EDWARD GIBBON, 1776 To speak of the world as having made progress has gone out of fashion. “Writers nowadays who value their reputation among the more sophisticated . . . Read more
CHAPTER SEVEN POWER The history of empires is that of men’s misery. The history of the sciences is that of their grandeur and happiness. —EDWARD GIBBON, 1761 There is more love for humanity in electricity and steam than in chastity and abstention from meat. —ANTON CHEKHOV TO ALEXEI SUVORIN, 1894 . . . Read more
CHAPTER SIX THE TERROR As distant as heaven is from earth, so is the true spirit of equality from that of extreme equality. —MONTESQUIEU, 1748 The French Revolution was as much the progenitor of modern totalitarianism as of modern democracy. —CHARLES COULSTON GILLISPIE, 2004 In the troubled years leading up . . . Read more
CHAPTER ONE SCIENCE & LIBERTY Liberty…is the great parent of science and of virtue; and…a nation will be great in both, always in proportion as it is free. —THOMAS JEFFERSON TO JOSEPH WILLARD, 1789 Science as subversion has a long history. —FREEMAN DYSON, 1989 Over the past few centuries, two . . . Read more
CHAPTER FOUR THE SCIENCE OF ENLIGHTENMENT The season of fiction is now over. —JEREMY BENTHAM, 1776 Fact is superior to reasoning. —TOM PAINE, 1791 Historians agree that the democratic revolution grew out of the Enlightenment, but if you ask what caused the Enlightenment, you are likely to be presented with . . . Read more
CHAPTER FIVE AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE My hope [is] that we have not labored in vain, and that our experiment will still prove that men can be governed by reason. —THOMAS JEFFERSON TO GEORGE MASON, 1791 We had no occasion to search into musty records, to hunt up royal parchments or to . . . Read more
CHAPTER THREE THE RISE OF SCIENCE Only the educated are free. —EPICTETUS, FIRST CENTURY AD Works, not Words; Things, not Thinking… Operation, not merely Speculation. —CHEMIST GEORGE THOMPSON, 1660s Prior to the rise of science there were, as Aristotle noted, only two valid ways to evaluate the merit of an . . . Read more
15 Conclusions Andrew Lockyer, Malcolm Hill and Fred Stone The broader context to youth crime and children’s well-being In conclusion, we draw together the main themes that have emerged throughout this book. In this chapter, references to authors that are not followed by a date refer to earlier chapters. This . . . Read more
14 Human Rights and Children’s Rights in the Scottish Children’s Hearings System Kathleen Marshall Introduction This chapter discusses the challenges that one institution, the Scottish Children’s Hearings System, has faced and may face in the future as a result of the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) . . . Read more
13 Children’s Rights and Juvenile Justice David Archard Introduction What does fairness require of a juvenile justice system?1 And how are the requirements of justice to be squared with the according to children of rights? We can start to answer to these questions by acknowledging that children have, under the . . . Read more